Liang Shuming’s梁漱溟philosophy, on the whole, can be said to be a vitalism, and moreover, he occupies an important place in the genealogy of modern Chinese vitalist philosophies. This is something that most of those who research Liang Shuming’s thought will readily acknowledge. But we have a further question: what kind of vitalism is his philosophy? Since contemporary times, there have been all sorts of vitalist philosophies in both the East and the West and Liang Shuming’s is just one of them. Its most notable characteristic is that rather than being just a vitalism, it is also an ethical philosophy: I will refer to it as an ethical vitalism. This is the vitalism that Liang Shuming established through such concepts as life, mind, intuition, reason, morality, etc., and gave witness to in his own person. It is also the truth that he searched for his entire life. Liang Shuming said of his Renxin yu Rensheng人心與人生 (Human Mind and Human Life) that he wrote in his later years that it was his most important intellectual work. The process of writing this book, from when he first began to when he finally finished it, was very long. But we can say that because of this the thought contained therein was only formed in the later period because some of the important ideas in it were the result of a continuous intellectual development. Some ideas were already proposed in his earlier Dongxi Wenhua jiqi Zhexue東西文化及其哲學 (Eastern and Western Culture and their Philosophies) and some were already present in the 1930s. His ideas on life, mind, and human living were all condensed into this one book.