Simply put, the problem to be discussed here is what Zhang Dainian張岱年has to say about “nature” (ziran自然) and “humanity” (ren人). Zhang Dainian often used the traditional Chinese concepts of tian天 and ren in the sense of “nature” and “humanity.” He also sometimes used the conceptual pairs “cosmos” (yuzhou宇宙) and “human life” (rensheng人生) or “objective world” (keguan shijie客觀世界) and “human life” in a similar sense. In a broad sense, the concepts of nature, tian, cosmos and objective world include human life as one thing among the ten thousand things. If we take a perspective from the position of infinite nature, tian, cosmos, or objective world on the humanity that we understand to be an animal on the earth, then the arrogant anthropocentrism that wants to dominate everything will give way to a humble attitude toward the surrounding human environment. But, as we know, humanity has always set itself in a relative relation to nature, tian, the cosmos, and the objective world. This fact in its own right shows that humanity is strange and interesting in comparison to the rest of the ten thousand things. What other evidence does humanity need? Utilizing the comparison of macrocosm and microcosm, we can see nature, tian, the cosmos, and the objective world as being macrocosmic and humanity who resides on earth as being microcosmic. As long as humanity continues to exist, then we will have to face these two different cosmos. Scholars of Chinese philosophy have begun to more and more see the notion of the “relationship between nature and humanity” (tianren guanxi天人關係) as the basic problem of Chinese philosophy. Moreover, this tendency has only increased due to the increasing imbalance between nature and humanity in modern society. As implicit in this imbalance humanity has been a common target of criticism and chastisement and has even been seen as responsible for the imbalance in their relationship with nature. This problem has already become a key part of people’s consciousness. To see that this is the case, all we have to do is take a look at the morality and ethics that was once limited to humanity itself but has recently been expanded to include the natural, cosmic and objective world.