Challenges and Limitations in Citrus Fruits Waste to Biofuel Conversion
摘要
Over 120 million tons of citrus are produced annually in the world’s tropical and subtropical regions. About 40–60% of the fruit is inedible and is thrown away as garbage. Peels, pulp, pith remnants, and seeds are all included in this discarded feedstock. Although the peels possess plenty of limonene and bioactive compounds that prevent normal fermentation processes, the pulp and pith remnants contain a substantial amount of digestible carbohydrates. This pollutes the air, water, and land and produces an unpleasant aroma. Citrus organic matter is a reusable, feasible, and cost-effective raw material for making environmentally acceptable fuel because of its widespread production. When juxtaposed with petroleum or gasoline, biofuels can cut carbon dioxide emissions by 80%. About 70% of citrus trash is made up of carbohydrates, and it may produce about 1.2 billion liters of ethanol (300 million gallons) worldwide (Mahato et al. 2021).