By presenting the main emphasis of the research—digital cash transfers in Bangladesh’s Social Safety Net (SSN) programs—this chapter sets the foundation for the book. Beginning with a background on the change from conventional to digital cash transfer systems, it emphasises the urgent need for more efficient, transparent, and inclusive welfare delivery systems. The chapter states the research goals, scope, and justification, stressing how digitisation fits with more general development concerns in Bangladesh, including the government’s Digital Bangladesh agenda and international obligations to financial inclusion and poverty reduction. The chapter synthesises important national and worldwide literature, highlighting notable knowledge gaps on the efficacy and scalability of digital transfer systems in low-resource settings. It emphasises both the possibilities and limits of digital transitions in social protection, employing a critical analysis of international experiences set against Bangladesh’s policy environment. This lays the groundwork for a more in-depth investigation of the operational, technological, and socio-political aspects of digital cash transfers. End with a thorough description of the book’s qualitative approach—including its case study design, data collecting instruments (in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and documentary analysis), and sampling strategy in Gaibandha District. Apart from setting the analytical path of the book, the chapter offers the intellectual and pragmatic rationale for investigating digital innovation in welfare delivery. Establishing the book’s foundations enables this chapter to explore, read, and critique the effects and consequences of digitised SSN programs in Bangladesh in later chapters.