This chapter will introduce the methodology we developed to evaluate and cultivate youths’ work-related competencies, operationalizing the theoretical framework of Realist-Constructivism. First, the chapter will introduce the module designed to assess workers’ competencies and to uncover the true nature of the “skills gaps” between stakeholders on both the demand and supply sides of the labor market. Drawing on the Realist-Constructivism framework, this module explores the epistemology and ontology of workers’ competencies. It does so by combining questionnaires for employers, workers, and educators—gathering their perceptions on detailed skill sets—with tests designed to measure workers’ and students’ actual abilities. This approach allows for a bottom-up analysis of the diverse realities within the micro-ecologies of these four countries while ensuring comparability across cases. Unlike many critical realist works that remain at the philosophical level, our team’s approach makes the concept of abductive reasoning into a set of practical steps. The chapter also explains a unique program we developed to train noncognitive abilities using board games.