Numerical Studies on the Behavior of L-shaped Retaining Wall under Seismic Loading Conditions

L-shaped retaining walls are commonly used in infrastructure projects, but their stability, particularly under seismic loading, remains a critical concern. Specifically, the influence of multiple relief shelves, their dimensions (width), and their vertical placement relative to the wall height on the overall stability of L-shaped retaining walls subjected to both seismic accelerations and additional surcharge loads needs to be investigated. This study evaluates the stability of L- shaped retaining walls under seismic loading conditions, focusing on the role of relief shelves in enhancing structural performance. Using a strength reduction method combined with the finite element analysis, the study examines the impact of incorporating multiple relief shelves on wall stability. The effectiveness of the retaining walls is assessed by their capacity to resist additional surcharge loads under varying seismic accelerations, establishing a benchmark for stability. The findings from the study indicate that the addition of strategically positioned relief shelves significantly improves wall stability, with the width and placement of these shelves directly influencing critical parameters such as backfill settlement, failure modes, and the configuration of potential failure planes. Findings emphasize the importance of optimal relief shelf dimensions and positioning, which should be proportionate to the wall height to ensure maximal stability under seismic and surcharge loading conditions.