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With advancements in vehicular intelligence, connected vehicles can communicate with traffic infrastructure and other vehicles through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) technology. Industry reports project that the global penetration rate of connected vehicles will reach 80% by 2025. This trend has raised public concerns regarding potential health effects from radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by V2V antennas operating in the 5.9 GHz band. In this paper, we employed COMSOL Multiphysics to establish an exposure scenario comprising a vehicle equipped with a V2V antenna and an anatomical human model in the driver’s seat. We quantitatively evaluated the whole-body average specific absorption rate (SARwb), SAR averaged over 10g tissue (SAR10g) in the central nervous system (CNS), and the temperature rise distribution. Simulation results are compared with the safety limits set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. The findings reveal that the peak SAR occurs in the skin tissue nearest the antenna, with a SARwb of 0.017 W/kg, accounting for 21.25% of the ICNIRP limit of 0.08 W/kg. The maximum SAR10g in cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter, white matter, and cerebellum are 0.0058 W/kg, 0.0034 W/kg, 3.742 × 10⁻4 W/kg, and 6.768 × 10⁻4 W/kg, corresponding to 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.003%, and 0.001% of the ICNIRP basic limit of 2 W/kg, respectively. After 30 min of antenna operation starting from a baseline temperature of 37 °C, the maximum temperature rise in the driver’s head region is 0.209 °C, below the ICNIRP limit of 2 °C for Type II tissue. These results confirm that the V2V-generated RF-EMF poses no health risk to drivers.

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Risk Assessment of RF-EMF Exposure from Vehicle-Mounted V2V Antennas: A Computational Study on SAR and Temperature Rise

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Yanxia Song,
  • Mai Lu

摘要

With advancements in vehicular intelligence, connected vehicles can communicate with traffic infrastructure and other vehicles through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) technology. Industry reports project that the global penetration rate of connected vehicles will reach 80% by 2025. This trend has raised public concerns regarding potential health effects from radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by V2V antennas operating in the 5.9 GHz band. In this paper, we employed COMSOL Multiphysics to establish an exposure scenario comprising a vehicle equipped with a V2V antenna and an anatomical human model in the driver’s seat. We quantitatively evaluated the whole-body average specific absorption rate (SARwb), SAR averaged over 10g tissue (SAR10g) in the central nervous system (CNS), and the temperature rise distribution. Simulation results are compared with the safety limits set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. The findings reveal that the peak SAR occurs in the skin tissue nearest the antenna, with a SARwb of 0.017 W/kg, accounting for 21.25% of the ICNIRP limit of 0.08 W/kg. The maximum SAR10g in cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter, white matter, and cerebellum are 0.0058 W/kg, 0.0034 W/kg, 3.742 × 10⁻4 W/kg, and 6.768 × 10⁻4 W/kg, corresponding to 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.003%, and 0.001% of the ICNIRP basic limit of 2 W/kg, respectively. After 30 min of antenna operation starting from a baseline temperature of 37 °C, the maximum temperature rise in the driver’s head region is 0.209 °C, below the ICNIRP limit of 2 °C for Type II tissue. These results confirm that the V2V-generated RF-EMF poses no health risk to drivers.