With the rapid development of renewable energy, energy storage systems (ESS) play a critical role in ensuring the stability, flexibility, and reliability of power systems. This paper investigates the techno-economic performance of multiple storage technologies under two representative scenarios: short-duration high-power and long-duration high-energy applications. By introducing sensitivity analysis on efficiency, lifetime, energy cost, and power cost, the study compares ten mainstream storage technologies including SMES, FES, SC, LIB, NaS, VRFB, CAES, PHS, GES, and CO₂-ES. Results show that power-type technologies (SC, FES, SMES) demonstrate superior economics in high-power short-term applications, while energy-type technologies (NaS, VRFB, LIB, PHS, CAES) exhibit advantages in long-duration scenarios. The findings provide a decision-making basis for scenario-oriented energy storage configuration and system-level optimization.