Several nanomaterials, viz., nanosilica, nano-TiO2, carbon nanotubes/fibres, graphene, etc. have been explored for civil engineering applications in recent years. The adoption of finer supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) contributing to improved performance characteristics, has sparked interest in the usage of Nanoparticles (NPs) in cementitious composites. Similar to SCMs, the inclusion of NPs in cementitious composites have generally yielded strength enhancement due to improved packing density and acclerelated early hydration reactions. The inclusion of NPs offer higher number of nucleation sites, improving gel network and secondary effects on packing density enhancement. Some NPs also reportedly exhibit pozzolanic reaction enhancing formation of more stable calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel. In contrast, studies also reported reduction in strength due to addition of NPs, probably due to agglomeration of the NPs, that may affect the packing density adversely. The particle size of NPs, dosage and synthesis method are likely to influence the agglomeration tendency of NPs. The influence of NPs is noted to be negative on flow and setting time of cementitious composites, however Fe2O3 based NPs and cAgNPs have shown positive influence on flowability. NPs are also reported to contribute towards improved corrosion resistance and lower pore sizes/pore volume in cementitious composites. Though, there is substantial progress in understanding related to NP blended cementitious composites, further research is required to explore the performance of NP blended cementitious composites with SCMs, to optimize the proportion of NPs and overcome limitations/challenges such as high cost/workability issues for development of high performance cementitious composites for sustainable infrastructure development.