Spatial Visibility Analysis of Underground Railway Stations Based on CPTED Principles

This study aims to develop a practical design guideline for enhancing crime prevention and safety in high-speed railway stations based on the principles of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). Focusing on spatial types defined in the Railway Station Design Standards (KR A-03021), the research examines design and operational challenges in station environments. Using Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA), the study quantifies visual openness, integration, and spatial continuity in two case stations. The findings indicate that linear and open layouts improve natural surveillance and access control, while curved or segmented corridors reduce visibility and territorial reinforcement. Design recommendations emphasize clear sightlines between entrances, concourses, and platforms, enhanced lighting at corner zones, and a visual hierarchy of boundaries. The outcomes contribute to establishing CPTED-based design criteria applicable to railway stations and other complex transit facilities.