Adaptive Wing Morphing and Intelligent Control Method of Amphibious Aircraft

Morphing amphibious aircraft (MAA) represent a class of flight platforms that employ morphing structures and intelligent control technologies to dynamically adjust their aerodynamic components. This capability allows them to fully exploit cross-medium fluid dynamics in both aerial and aquatic environments, thereby adapting to a variety of flight conditions. Wind tunnel experiments on the spatial relationships and coupled flow characteristics of the base MAA layout model reveal that spanwise bending can enhance the ground effect. During such bending, an upward-dihedral winglet configuration contributes to improved flight stability during low-altitude maritime operations. Based on these findings, a canard-configured MAA integrating upward-dihedral winglets and active spanwise wing-bending capabilities has been developed. As the anhedral angle of the MAA’s outer wing segment increases, the longitudinal equilibrium point progressively shifts rearward. However, throughout the entire morphing process, the lift coefficient and the maximum lift-to-drag ratio at the quasistatic equilibrium points remain nearly identical. This indicates that the MAA can maintain its optimal cruise performance throughout the morphing process. These findings demonstrate that a well-designed aerodynamic configuration ensures adaptively stable flight during the MAA’s morphological transformations.