This chapter systematically analyzes the carbon control model formed by South Korea under the background of high energy dependence and high emission industrial structure, and focuses on evaluating the institutional logic and operation performance of its national carbon emission trading system (K-ETS). As the second country in the world to implement a national carbon market, South Korea has gradually shifted from administrative control to a market-oriented emission reduction mechanism under the double constraints of strong international emission reduction pressure and the vulnerability of the energy structure. This chapter discusses from the three dimensions of emission structure, institutional evolution to policy effectiveness, revealing the progress and remaining structural challenges made by South Korea in energy efficiency improvement, industrial adjustment and application of market-oriented tools, and providing an important reference for understanding the low-carbon transformation path of extroverted economies.