Theories and frameworks in disability education provide the foundation for shaping inclusive, evidence-based clinical practices that move beyond deficit-oriented models. They guide educators and practitioners in addressing structural barriers, fostering equity, and promoting holistic approaches to disability care. This chapter critically examines the theoretical foundations and conceptual frameworks that shape disability-focused clinical education, highlighting their significance in advancing inclusive and evidence-based pedagogical practices. Globally, an estimated 1.3 billion individualsapproximately 16% of the world’s populationlive with significant disabilities, as reported by the World Health Organization. These figures underscore the imperative to transition from traditional deficit-oriented medical models toward more integrative paradigms, including the social model, the biopsychosocial model, and the disability justice framework, in alignment with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). The discussion contrasts the medical model’s emphasis on individual impairments with the social model’s recognition of structural and environmental barriers, while the biopsychosocial model offers a more comprehensive lens by incorporating biological, psychological, and social dimensions. Emerging approaches, such as Universal Design for Learning (UDL), are also analyzed for their application in curriculum development and their capacity to address learner diversity. The chapter’s objectives include equipping educators with theoretical and practical tools to respond to diverse learning needs, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and integrate evidence-based methodologies into clinical training. Furthermore, it connects these frameworks to broader themes of the volume, such as technology-enhanced learning and interdisciplinary practice, demonstrating their role in promoting equity-oriented and patient-centered education. Ultimately, this theoretical grounding supports the creation of inclusive policies and sustainable healthcare practices that are consistent with WHO and UNCRPD directives, with the overarching goal of reducing health inequities and cultivating empathy within healthcare systems.