Metal sulfides are important members of the transition metal chalcogenides family and have attracted great attention as promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications due to their low cost, abundant redox-active sites, and high specific capacitance. These materials exhibit excellent pseudocapacitive behavior, which arises from their multiple oxidation states and reversible faradaic reactions, enabling rapid charge–discharge processes. In addition, their structural flexibility allows for the accommodation of ion diffusion during cycling, further enhancing electrochemical performance. Despite these advantages, challenges such as limited long-term stability, partial dissolution in electrolytes, and relatively poor electrical conductivity still restrict their practical applications. This study focuses on recent advances in the synthesis strategies, structural tuning, and electrochemical properties of nickel sulfide, cobalt sulfide, and manganese sulfide-based electrodes. Furthermore, the development of high-performance supercapacitors using transition metal sulfides (TMS) and strategies to overcome current limitations are also discussed.