Science and technology are increasingly at the very heart of achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6- the promise of clean water and sanitation for all. This chapter investigates some of the most significant advanced and feasible water treatment and quality monitoring technologies, innovations and technological developments. These technologies enhance water management as well as pollutant sensing, which assists in a more sustainable approach to treatment. Affordable and decentralized solutions like solar-based point-of-use systems, advanced desalination technologies, and atmospheric water generators come into the discussion to ensure that clean drinking water reaches these under-served regions. Smart use of water in efficiency has been highlighted through practices of water reuse, smart irrigation, leak detection technologies, and rainwater harvesting which help in saving water and making it scarce. Besides these innovations in sanitation, such as smart monitoring in sanitation, composting toilets, and waterless toilets are presented as having potential hygiene impacts and conserve water resources. Technologies for water resource conservation such as remote sensing, GIS, built wetlands, etc., are discussed as well as solutions for building resilience against the water-related disasters. In recent days, AI-driven technologies have been getting much scope in the field of water supply and sanitation. It finally underscores the role of governance, policy, and community engagement in ending water scarcity, with a focus on blockchain technology, IoT-based water governance, and big data in water resource management.