Iraq faced great challenges after the change that occurred after 2003, which affected the Iraqi economy badly, and factories, farms, and all aspects of life came to a halt, besides the cessation and paralysis of universities, schools, scientific research centers, and hospitals in large parts of the country. All parts of the country lacking services and humanitarian aid for decades needed to be reconstructed, with plans to improve economic recovery. Accelerating development in Iraq requires diversifying resources, boosting exports, cutting imports, attracting foreign investments, and constructing suitable housing for the majority of Iraqis. The present government has drawn up plans and strategies and is implementing several projects and programs for the sustainable development of the country. This paper deals with the strategies adopted and the projects and programs undertaken by the Iraqi government to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the country. Specific initiatives on the application of Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) in achieving the SDGs, and the scientific projects implemented by the Iraqi Laser Scientists Society (ILSS) to complement the efforts of the government are also discussed.