This chapter examines how the demographic transformation in Poland, driven by an aging population, increased life expectancy, and persistently low birth rates, is challenging the system of long-term care (LTC). As the elderly population continues to grow, particularly those aged 65 and above, the caregiving burden on the working-age population is projected to increase significantly. With many older adults facing chronic health conditions, economic hardship, and substandard housing, Poland’s LTC system must adapt to meet these challenges. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of LTC provision in both the public and private sectors, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the existing system. It also evaluates potential solutions for improving the accessibility and quality of LTC services, ensuring that they meet the complex needs of an aging population. The chapter is structured to first explore the public LTC system, followed by an examination of the private sector’s role, a discussion of the challenges faced, and a final summary of potential improvements.