This chapter is an introduction to and a summary of this collected volume contributions on the recent trends and drivers of economic growth, provincial inequality and poverty in Vietnam. The empirical studies present the state-of-the-art on various complementary fields containing important knowledge for decision-makers. The studies are grouped into institutions and governance, competition and convergence, environment, welfare and policy recommendations. It presents the background to the empirical studies on growth, inequality and poverty among the Vietnamese provinces in recent decades. The main influential factors limiting the inclusive growth and catch-up progress by lagging provinces are explained by the differences in development infrastructure, geographic and resource conditions, planning, policy and exogeneous shocks. The topics include high-quality research not limited to traditional efficiency, productivity, and growth studies but the main emphasis is on institutions, governance, infrastructure, regulations and policy reforms facilitating higher performances and development. The book offers solid empirical research providing high-quality scholarly evidence-based evaluation of performance in the economy at provincial, regional and national levels. The findings are important, offering advanced approaches and comprehensive reviews supported empirically for researchers and students, consultants, investors, international organizations, policymakers, and the public interested in the development in Vietnam.