Arsenic (As) soil contamination is an essential environmental and agricultural problem threatening food safety and human health. Expect soil chemistry (such as soil pH and redox potential), organic matter input rate, microbial community structure, and functional genes to influence arsenic bioavailability within these contaminated soils. Microorganisms play a key role in these interactions due to their oxidation, reduction, methylation, and immobilisation transformations that will immediately influence their mobility and toxicity. Nevertheless, innovative nano-remediation approaches employing engineered nanomaterials with high species reactivity have been introduced as effective agents for immobilisation and removal of arsenic from soils, potentially presenting a novel technique to detoxify soil contamination. A Comprehensive Review on the Relationship between Arsenic and Oil Microbiota. It further discusses the progress made by applying nanotechnology in the reduction of the bioavailability of arsenic through adsorption, complexation, and redox changes. Understanding these mechanisms may, in turn, inform the development of sustainable and effective remediation approaches for arsenic-contaminated sites.