The aim of this chapter is to explain M.K. Gandhi’s theory and practice of duty as a form of civil disobedience. His key premise is that a citizen’s moral duty and political obligation are to disobey government when it is unjust. Gandhi called this exercise of nonviolent power “satyagraha” (literally “holding fast to the truth”). His definition of satyagraha was scrupulously demanding, excluding “every form of violence, direct or indirect, and whether in thought, word or deed. It is a breach of satyagraha to wish ill to an opponent or to say a harsh word to him or of him with the intention of doing harm…Satyagraha is gentle, it never wounds. It must not be the result of anger or malice. It was conceived as a complete substitute for violence” (Gandhi,1994, 94: 54, 417). Gandhi consistently held that adherence to this high ethical standard could meet the political obligation imposed on the civil resister. It fulfilled a person’s responsibility to maintain civil rights, as derived from duties well performed. When a government’s injustice prevailed, such obligations could be met only through satyagraha as he defined and practiced it.