In view of the problems existing in the current teaching of programming course, such as outdated teaching content, single teaching method, weak practice link, and weak innovation ability, this paper analyzes the application status of artificial intelligence and large language model in the field of education, and puts forward a teaching reform strategy based on AI model, which includes updating auxiliary teaching resources, enriching teaching mode, optimizing practice link, and improving auxiliary innovation ability. Through detailed course application case analysis, the actual effectiveness and operational process in updating teaching content, implementing personalized teaching paths, providing intelligent programming assistance, designing innovative project tasks, and stimulating student creativity are demonstrated. It also proposes targeted strategies to strengthen infrastructure construction and resource sharing, systematically enhance teacher AI capabilities, and guide students to adapt to AI assisted learning environments. The purpose of this study is to provide practical theoretical references and practical paths for the innovation and quality improvement of teaching modes in programming courses under the background of artificial intelligence era, and to promote the profound transformation of teaching from knowledge imparting to ability cultivation, from standardization to personalization, and from passive acceptance to active innovation.