The growing demand for sustainable and autonomous energy solutions has driven significant research into energy harvesting technologies. Among these, piezoelectric materials have emerged as a promising solution for converting mechanical energy into electrical power due to their high electromechanical coupling efficiency and adaptability. With the rapid advancement of wearable electronics and smart textiles, the integration of piezoelectric materials into textile structures offers a self-sustaining energy source by harnessing mechanical deformations from human-body movements and environmental vibrations. This review explores recent developments in piezoelectric textiles, highlighting the fundamental principles of piezoelectricity, material selection, fabrication techniques, and performance evaluation. Additionally, key applications are discussed. The insights provided in this review underscore the potential of piezoelectric textiles in enabling next-generation self-powered wearable systems.