Characteristics Analysis of Heterogeneous Traffic Flow Involving CAVs Using Enhanced Car-Following Frameworks

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) play a crucial role in improving traffic flow efficiency and enhancing road safety. The coexistence of CAVs and Human-Driven Vehicles (HDVs) in mixed traffic environments is inevitable. This study focuses on characterizing traffic flow properties under such mixed conditions. (1) Enhanced IDM framework: incorporated driver reaction time and personality traits into the traditional IDM. (2) Optimized CACC framework: refined desired time gap parameters in CACC and strengthened inter-vehicle connectivity during emergencies. (3) Comprehensive Simulation: analyzed correlations between traffic velocity and CAV penetration rate (CAVRate) using enhanced car-following models.