Currently, the development of target characteristics data is beginning to take shape. Nonetheless, several obstacles—such as an ambiguous knowledge representation framework, inadequate depth in knowledge mining, and limited knowledge transformation—impede its effectiveness in supporting military applications like reconnaissance, early warning, and operational planning. To tackle the challenges related to insufficient knowledge and intelligence in utilizing target characteristics data, this paper proposes a method for designing an ontology specific to the target characteristics domain. By focusing on the knowledge context that includes target structure/material mechanisms, characteristics, and sensor attributes, we aim to achieve a thorough knowledge representation within this domain. This methodology lays theoretical groundwork for the establishment of a domain-specific knowledge graph.