This study analyzes the scientific and engineering value of lunar lava tube exploration and proposes research areas for lunar lava tube exploration with a view to future lunar base construction. A multi-level exploration system consisting of an orbiter, a large lunar surface vehicle platform, and an autonomous robot is proposed to achieve integrated exploration of the structure, morphology, and resources of lunar lava tubes. An operational plan is designed to encompass environmental exploration around and within lunar lava tubes and the deployment of key systems. Mission risks are identified, and key technologies to ensure mission implementation are proposed. We provides a systematic mission framework and technical path for lunar lava tube exploration, offering theoretical guidance for future lunar lava tube exploration.