During the terminal guidance phase of self-homing vehicles, the conventional assumption that the inner-loop autopilot dynamics are significantly faster than those of the outer-loop guidance often fails, potentially rendering traditional time-scale separation-based design methods invalid. Motivated by this challenge, the present study proposes an adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC)-based fault-tolerant integrated guidance and control scheme. This approach develops a nonlinear model that comprehensively incorporates aerodynamic parameter perturbations, actuator fault dynamics, and target maneuvers, which is subsequently transformed into a general adaptive output feedback form, thereby greatly simplifying the controller design process. Furthermore, the proposed control strategy, grounded in the adaptive DSC framework, effectively obviates the need for high-order differentiation. Simultaneously, a nonlinear terminal sliding mode disturbance observer is introduced to dynamically estimate and compensate for actuator faults and other uncertainties. The closed-loop system stability is rigorously analyzed and theoretically established. Finally, numerical simulations validate the efficacy of the proposed control scheme in accurately engaging maneuvering targets during terminal guidance.