Recent shifts in shopping behaviors, characterized by fewer physical store visits and increased vacant commercial spaces exacerbated by the rise of online shopping, highlight the need to revitalize urban commercial areas post-pandemic. This study examines the Dongmen commercial district in Shenzhen, employing structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the influence of built environment indicators on the vitality of traditional commercial districts. Utilizing the “5D” framework alongside multi-source urban data, we explore how urban design elements can enhance commercial vitality. This research offers actionable recommendations for urban planners and policymakers, emphasizing the need for targeted modifications in urban design to improve the commercial and social dynamics of city centers. In conclusion, this study provides a replicable model for revitalizing commercial districts facing similar challenges by integrating urban data with advanced analytical methods, aligning with strategic urban objectives and enhancing the overall urban experience.