Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are characterized by their prolonged duration and slow progression. Cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, and diabetes are principal NCDs occurring in modern world. Conventional pharmacological treatments for NCDs are not universally suitable across all patient demographics and are often associated with a range of adverse effects, which lead to usage of phytoceuticals for alleviating NCDs, due to their high safety profile. Various phytochemicals like curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, berberine, and celastrol, belonging to numerous phytochemical classes like alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and so on, have been proven extensively crucial in benefacting patient health rejuvenation during any NCDs. Potential use of phytochemicals for treating diseases is due to various reasons, namely, the diversity of phytochemicals offering a wealth of candidate molecules for precision medicine. Second, the widely sourced phytochemicals can serve as a cost-effective means of disease prevention and control in resource-limited areas, facilitating low-cost intervention strategies. Furthermore, the global expansion of phytochemical-derived drugs, coupled with the principles of a green economy, has fostered sustainable development. Therefore, the study of phytochemicals serves as a vital link between traditional knowledge and modern science, representing a significant breakthrough in addressing the global challenges posed by NCDs. Through mechanistic analysis, technological innovation, and interdisciplinary collaboration, the application of phytochemicals is expected to facilitate a shift from disease treatment to health management, thereby providing scientific support for “Healthy China 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals” (SDG 3).