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The construction of batteries with sodium (Na) as the negative electrode is an important direction to realize low-cost, low operating temperature and long-life liquid metal batteries. This paper addresses the problem of the low (<75%) energy efficiency of Na-Sb batteries by constructing the Sb-Sn alloy cathodes. This involves introducing low melting point Sn to increase the proportion of liquid phase in the cathode, forming an ionic diffusion channel and promoting mass diffusion. Secondly, the electrochemical performance of the battery was analyzed and the Sb80Sn20 electrode was selected. The constructed Na||Sb80Sn20 battery operated stably for 200 cycles with 96% coulombic efficiency at a current density of 100 mA cm−2, increasing the energy efficiency of the battery by 7% compared to the Na||Sb battery system.

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A High Energy Efficiency and High Cathode Utilization Sodium-Based Liquid Metal Battery for Grid Energy Storage

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Lei Fan,
  • Shaoming Feng,
  • Yewei Guo,
  • Bo Li,
  • Haomiao Li,
  • Kai Jiang,
  • Kangli Wang

摘要

The construction of batteries with sodium (Na) as the negative electrode is an important direction to realize low-cost, low operating temperature and long-life liquid metal batteries. This paper addresses the problem of the low (<75%) energy efficiency of Na-Sb batteries by constructing the Sb-Sn alloy cathodes. This involves introducing low melting point Sn to increase the proportion of liquid phase in the cathode, forming an ionic diffusion channel and promoting mass diffusion. Secondly, the electrochemical performance of the battery was analyzed and the Sb80Sn20 electrode was selected. The constructed Na||Sb80Sn20 battery operated stably for 200 cycles with 96% coulombic efficiency at a current density of 100 mA cm−2, increasing the energy efficiency of the battery by 7% compared to the Na||Sb battery system.