Low-Frequency Electric Field Anti-shielding Measurement Technology Based on Metal-Glass Composite Vapor Cell Using Rydberg Atoms

To address the electric field shielding effect caused by surface conductive layers in traditional Rydberg atomic vapor cells during low-frequency electric field measurements (<1 kHz), this study proposes a novel anti-shielding measurement device based on a metal-glass hybrid vapor cell. The hybrid configuration, integrating high-conductivity copper plates with low-conductivity borosilicate glass, effectively suppresses electric field attenuation at the cell walls. Combined with precision laser welding techniques (leak rate < 10−10 Pa·m3/s) and rubidium vapor filling technology, this design ensures high optical transparency and hermetic sealing. Experimental results demonstrate a sensitivity of 12.5 MHz/(V/m)2 under 50 Hz power-frequency electric fields, representing a 2.8-fold improvement compared to traditional sapphire-based cells, with linear response error below 3% across DC electric fields (0.1–10 V/m). The integrated three-dimensional vibration isolation system and thermal stress buffer design (deformation <0.2 μm) maintain sensitivity fluctuations under 2% during 48-h continuous operation. This technology overcomes the shielding bottleneck in low-frequency electric field quantum sensing, providing high-precision measurement capabilities for power equipment monitoring, environmental electromagnetic assessment, and biomedical imaging, with notable engineering application value.