Internal Forces

The human body can be modeled as a structure with multiple links moving at the joints. There are situations where parts of our link structure connect to an opponent with a similar structure; for example, when an opponent’s hand grips our wrist. This configuration is called a closed link structure. In such a structure, a force known as an internal force is generated. Understanding internal forces in a closed link structure is crucial for comprehending Aikido techniques, and this chapter will explore this concept in detail.