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Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are complex disorders characterized by progressive neuronal loss and limited treatment options. Growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome as a key modulator in the onset and progression of these diseases through its influence on immune regulation, neuroinflammation, metabolic pathways, and gut-brain axis signaling. Alterations in gut microbial composition and metabolite profiles have been consistently reported across NDs, highlighting opportunities for targeted therapeutic interventions. This chapter reviews the emerging strategies to restore microbial balance as a means to mitigate disease progression. Therapeutic modalities discussed include dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, microbial metabolite supplementation, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Mechanistic insights into microbiome-brain communication through immunological, vagal, and circulatory pathways are examined, alongside completed and ongoing clinical trials targeting microbial dysbiosis in NDs. We conclude by addressing current challenges and personalized microbiome-based interventions for different NDDs. Collectively, these strategies highlight the potential of microbiome modulation as a noninvasive, multi-targeted therapeutic avenue for combating neurodegenerative diseases.

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Therapeutic Interventions: Modulating the Microbiome to Combat Neurodegeneration

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Aparna Anandan,
  • A. K. Mohammed Unais,
  • A. Vishnu Prabhu,
  • Mariya K. Saju,
  • Kowsalya Sonaimuthu,
  • Harinivashini Murugesan,
  • Felicita Danielraj,
  • Dhayalan Marimuthu,
  • Marthandam Asokan Shibu,
  • Vijaya Padma Viswanadha

摘要

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are complex disorders characterized by progressive neuronal loss and limited treatment options. Growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome as a key modulator in the onset and progression of these diseases through its influence on immune regulation, neuroinflammation, metabolic pathways, and gut-brain axis signaling. Alterations in gut microbial composition and metabolite profiles have been consistently reported across NDs, highlighting opportunities for targeted therapeutic interventions. This chapter reviews the emerging strategies to restore microbial balance as a means to mitigate disease progression. Therapeutic modalities discussed include dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, microbial metabolite supplementation, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Mechanistic insights into microbiome-brain communication through immunological, vagal, and circulatory pathways are examined, alongside completed and ongoing clinical trials targeting microbial dysbiosis in NDs. We conclude by addressing current challenges and personalized microbiome-based interventions for different NDDs. Collectively, these strategies highlight the potential of microbiome modulation as a noninvasive, multi-targeted therapeutic avenue for combating neurodegenerative diseases.