Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent and progressive neurodegenerative conditions that have been more frequently associated with changes in the gut microbiome. Recent findings suggest that the gut microbiota, including its variety, structure, and metabolites, significantly influences neuroinflammation and the gut-brain axis, potentially affecting the onset and progression of PD. Multiple factors including age, delivery method, diet, lifestyle, environmental influences, and antibiotic use are recognized to influence the gut’s microbial environment. Patients with PD have been seen to have an altered microbiome, with certain microbial profiles proposed as possible early markers. Microbial metabolites, like short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide, are under investigation for their involvement in neurodegenerative processes. Despite encouraging results, the application of microbiome research to clinical diagnostics and treatments for PD encounters obstacles, such as individual differences, methodological inconsistencies, and a limited grasp of causative relationships. Nonetheless, therapies aimed at the microbiome, including dietary changes, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, offer promise as novel approaches to influence disease progression. This chapter emphasizes the present knowledge of the gut microbiome in PD, examines its diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, and stresses the necessity for uniform methods to utilize microbiome-centered solutions for managing PD.