Stored products, whether raw (grains, seeds, nuts) or processed (dried fruits or fish, flour), are susceptible to insect and mite infestation that leads to irreversible and irretrievable losses, threatening food and nutrition security, feed and nutrition security, income generation, and livelihoods, especially in small-scale agriculture. While various pest management strategies, such as cultural, physical, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods, have been developed and employed for centuries, none can singly provide long-lasting solutions. Thus, the application of integrated pest management is crucial in the stored-product ecosystem. This book chapter explores the fundamentals of storage pest ecology and management. Main topics covered include the following: pest identification, economic importance, ecology, control strategies [cultural, physical and mechanical, chemical (supplemented by semiochemicals), natural inert dusts, host-plant resistance, biopesticides, biological, and controlled atmospheres], and their integration. The aim is to engage university students in the intricacies of food postharvest ecosystems and provide a comprehensive package for stored-product pest management.