Insect pest management is an integral component of best practices in forestry. The need for a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of insect pest management in forestry is increasingly underpinned by the rapidly changing world, impacting insect population and damage dynamics. This chapter provides information necessary for planning and implementing sustainable insect pest management in forestry. Specifically, it provides a review of key aspects of the management of forest insect pests, including insect pest damage, emergence and outbreak, monitoring and surveillance, pest management plans, principles of pest management, pest management methods, and challenges and opportunities for managing forest insect pests. Comprehensive reviews are also provided on case studies of some economically important tropical insect pests in tree nurseries, plantation forests, natural forests, urban forests, and agroforestry. The information provided is expected to benefit, especially tropical forestry students and practitioners.