Recently, new antidiabetic drugs with novel mechanisms of action have emerged, expanding the range of treatment options [1]. DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists promote insulin secretion and lower blood glucose levels by enhancing the effects of incretin hormone GLP-1. SGLT2 inhibitors prevent the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys and promote its excretion in the urine. These drugs have a lower risk of hypoglycemic side effects compared to traditional treatments. In addition to these new drugs, long-established agents such as sulfonylureas, biguanides, and α-glucosidase inhibitors are effective and still in use. Sulfonylureas bind to sulfonylurea receptors (SURs) in pancreatic β cells and strongly stimulate insulin secretion, but they carry a risk of hypoglycemia. Biguanides inhibit gluconeogenesis and improve insulin sensitivity. α-glucosidase inhibitors delay the digestion of carbohydrates.