Photocarcinoma, a term used to characterize skin cancers mostly caused by long-term or intermittent exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, is a major global health concern due to its rising incidence and associated financial burden. The most common types are melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC); they vary in terms of mortality, prognosis, and aggressiveness. Unchecked cell division and carcinogenesis are produced by UV radiation-induced DNA damage, oxidative stress, and genetic alterations, particularly in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes like TP53. Risk factors include fair skin, tanning practices, cumulative sun exposure, genetic predisposition, and occupational dangers. Photocarcinoma is still mostly preventable with sun protection, early detection, and public health interventions, despite its increasing occurrence. While improvements in immunotherapy, targeted medicines, dermoscopic screening, and artificial intelligence have led to better results, differences still exist in terms of skin types, geographic locations, and access to healthcare. In order to lessen the worldwide impact of photocarcinoma and direct future study, it is crucial to comprehend its epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and preventive measures.