Abiotic stresses like drought, heat, flooding, waterlogging, salinity, and soil degradation are all made worse by climate change, posing an increasing threat to plant-based agriculture and endangering world crop output and food security. Extreme weather events brought on by rising CO2 levels and global temperatures have harmed livelihoods, agriculture, and biodiversity. The growing demand for food production frequently results in increased land requirements, which exacerbates the loss of biodiversity. Conventional breeding has increased crop stress tolerance, but it is ineffective at addressing quickly changing climatic circumstances due to its slow speed and lack of precision. On the other hand, contemporary genome editing technologies—particularly CRISPR-Cas9, in addition to ZFNs and TALENs—provide very specific, effective, and heritable alterations for creating crop types that are climate-tolerant. By targeting regulatory genes, editing stress-responsive transcription factors like DREB, NAC, and WRKY, and modifying hormonal and ROS signaling pathways, CRISPR technology has been used to improve important traits like heat and flood resistance, drought and salinity tolerance, and nutrient-use efficiency. Additionally, it permits conditional gene expression through the editing of stress-inducible promoters. In order to increase yields, shelf life, sweetness, aroma, and resilience, CRISPR has been used in crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and tomatoes. Crop biofortification, which increases the amount of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and oleic acid, has also been made possible by CRISPR-Cas9, increasing crop yield and nutritional value. CRISPR has the potential to enable smallholder farmers to adjust to climate change by streamlining editing operations. Innovations in guide RNA design, base editors, and delivery techniques like protoplast transformation and biolistics keep increasing its accuracy and usefulness. Future developments in multiplex editing, integrating synthetic biology, and editing complex polygenic characteristics will strengthen CRISPR’s position in climate-smart, sustainable agriculture.