Non-contact optical temperature sensing offers significant advantages in dynamic temperature monitoring of mechanical components. Here, we innovatively propose a dual-emission non-contact temperature sensing probe based on the synergistic action of dual quantum dots, which is characterized by dual-emission optics by co-doping two quantum dots in SiO2 mesoporous microspheres. Successful preparation of the sensing probe coating based on polymer encapsulation was achieved, and the blue emission of BN quantum dots and the red emission based on CdTe/ZnS quantum dots were characterized under excitation. Successful doping of quantum dots in SiO2 microspheres was demonstrated based on TEM analysis and spectral analysis. The temperature sensing performance of the sensing coating was tested by a temperature-dependent platform, and the results showed that the probe achieved high sensitivity and a wide range of temperature monitoring by establishing a quantitative relationship between the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) and temperature of the two types of quantum dots. This work presents an effective strategy for designing ultrasensitive ratiometric optical thermometers by rationally integrating dual quantum dots.