This study conducts research on the optimal configuration and operation of the Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) microgrid energy system. The system includes various types of equipment such as photovoltaic modules, gas turbines, fuel cells, waste heat boilers, absorption chillers, batteries, heat storage tanks and cold storage tanks. The research established evaluation indicators from three aspects: thermal performance, economic performance and environmental performance, and constructed a multi-objective optimization model with the goals of minimizing the annual comprehensive cost, minimizing carbon dioxide emissions and minimizing primary energy consumption. The multi-objective particle swarm optimization programming algorithm is adopted to solve the optimization model. Then, based on the typical daily load data of a certain high-speed railway station, simulation analysis was conducted. The results show that the CCHP system can significantly reduce the operating cost compared with the traditional power distribution system. Among them, the annual total cost of the saleable electricity scheme is 98.47 million yuan, which is 25.3% lower than that of the power distribution system. The primary energy utilization rate of the system reaches 80%, and the carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by 48.3%. The comparison of different operation strategies shows that the comprehensive optimal strategy achieves a good balance in terms of economy, environmental protection and energy conservation.