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The grid-forming power conversion system (GFM-PCS) has attracted extensive attention due to its capabilities in addressing the accommodation of new energy and enhancing system inertia, as well as their good stability in weak grids. However, the GFM-PCS is essentially a power electronic device with multiple control loops and parameters, so the stability of the GFM-PCS needs to be considered. At present, there are relatively few studies on the stability of multi-loop control for the GFM-PCS. Therefore, this paper focuses on impedance modeling of the GFM-PCS based on virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control. The modeling process thoroughly considers the influence of the main circuit, power loop, reactive power loop, current loop, virtual impedance loop, and inter-phase voltage balancing loop, establishing the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) impedance model and the single-input single-output (SISO) impedance model for the GFM-PCS that accounts for effects of multi-loop control. Then, the accuracy of the results is verified through frequency-sweep simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, the impedance characteristics of the GFM-PCS are analyzed.

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Impedance Modeling and Characteristic Analysis of the Grid-Forming Power Conversion System

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Chongfu Xu,
  • Tingrui Fang,
  • Xiangyi Liu,
  • Mengzhe Wang,
  • Jian Chen,
  • Rui Xue,
  • Jiangtao Wang,
  • Renjie Zhang

摘要

The grid-forming power conversion system (GFM-PCS) has attracted extensive attention due to its capabilities in addressing the accommodation of new energy and enhancing system inertia, as well as their good stability in weak grids. However, the GFM-PCS is essentially a power electronic device with multiple control loops and parameters, so the stability of the GFM-PCS needs to be considered. At present, there are relatively few studies on the stability of multi-loop control for the GFM-PCS. Therefore, this paper focuses on impedance modeling of the GFM-PCS based on virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control. The modeling process thoroughly considers the influence of the main circuit, power loop, reactive power loop, current loop, virtual impedance loop, and inter-phase voltage balancing loop, establishing the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) impedance model and the single-input single-output (SISO) impedance model for the GFM-PCS that accounts for effects of multi-loop control. Then, the accuracy of the results is verified through frequency-sweep simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, the impedance characteristics of the GFM-PCS are analyzed.