In response to the demand for low-cost improvements to enhance precise shooting during the movement of tank control systems, this paper proposes a circuit design based on supercapacitors for short-term variable power. Building on an all-electric AC tank control system, it integrates the voltage parameters of the supercapacitor and battery to achieve dynamic switching of the dual power supply system’s operating modes. By utilizing the boosting principle of the Boost circuit and the four-switch Buck-Boost circuit to dynamically adjust the power conversion modes, stable voltage output is achieved through the collaborative control of both circuits, enabling the tank control system to output high power for a short duration during firing delays. Simulation results indicate that, compared to traditional single battery power supply solutions, the hybrid power supply system utilizing both batteries and supercapacitors can deliver large currents rapidly, thereby instantaneously enhancing system power and providing a solid and reliable guarantee for accurate shooting during the movement of the tank control system.