Methodological Analysis and Techno-Economic Simulation of the Bioenergy Potential of Agricultural Waste in Manabí, Ecuador

The use of agricultural biomass residues is emerging as a strategic alternative to enhance energy security and reduce emissions in rural contexts. This study evaluated the energy potential of maize and rice residues in Rocafuerte (Manabí, Ecuador) through a quantitative methodology that included biomass inventory estimation, thermochemical characterization based on the lower heating value, and the application of a refinement formula integrating conversion efficiency and logistic losses. Results were integrated into techno-economic simulations performed with HOMER Pro under decentralized generation scenarios. The total inventory reached 348.52 kt of residual biomass with an energy potential of 95.42 GWh/year, sufficient to supply the electricity demand of up to 30,000 households. Maize was identified as the primary resource, while rice, particularly husk, provided complementary value due to its high energy density. The simulation confirmed the technical and economic feasibility of systems rated at 585.7 and 725.4 kW, although subject to agricultural seasonality. In conclusion, agricultural residues in Rocafuerte represent a viable renewable resource for decentralized bioelectricity projects, contributing both to energy supply and CO₂ emission mitigation.