Electrical Characterization of a Photovoltaic Thermal System Using I–V Curves: An Experimental Study in Soria, Spain
摘要
This study presents an experimental evaluation of a photovoltaic-thermal system under real outdoor conditions, focusing on the electrical performance through current–voltage curve analysis. The experiments were carried out under irradiance levels ranging from 837 to 856 W/m2, testing different fluid flow rates (0, 2, 8, and 16 L/min) to assess their influence on key electrical parameters. Results demonstrate that higher flow rates enhance the cooling of photovoltaic cells, resulting in improved open-circuit voltage and maximum output power. In contrast, stagnation conditions led to elevated surface temperatures (up to 62 °C), reducing Voc and limiting power generation. The highest electrical performance was observed at 16 L/min, where the system achieved a Voc of 35.31 V and a Pmax of 173.98 W. These findings highlight the critical role of thermal management in improving the electrical efficiency of PVT systems and provide insights for optimizing hybrid system designs for real-world applications.