In Vivo Study of Chick Embryo Development by Windowing and Candling Methods
摘要
The study of chick embryos has been fundamental to developmental biology and embryology and has recently emerged as a preferred alternative to rodent models. As an experimental system, the chick embryo helps reduce the use of higher vertebrate models, serving as an essential bridge between in vitro systems and mammalian models in biomedical research. Their suitability lies in the year-round availability of fertilized chicken eggs at a low cost (approximately Rs. 25–30 per egg in India) and their external development, which provides a manipulable, cost-effective system for in vivo experimentation. Chick embryos are particularly valued for their extraembryonic membranes, especially the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), which serves as a vital model for angiogenesis and related studies. This practical exercise describes the maintenance of chick embryos within their natural eggshell environment, allowing observation and analysis through windowing and candling techniques. These methods facilitate the study of sequential developmental stages, physiological processes, and early morphogenesis while minimizing ethical concerns associated with higher vertebrate models.