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The chicken embryo represents one of the most versatile and ethically favorable vertebrate models in preclinical biomedical research. Its external development, cost-effectiveness, and physiological similarities to mammals make it an ideal intermediate system bridging in vitro studies and mammalian models. A major advantage of the chick embryo lies in its extraembryonic chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a highly vascularized structure that serves as a dynamic platform for studying angiogenesis, tumor biology, and toxicology. The CAM assay allows direct visualization and quantification of vascular responses to pro- or antiangiogenic agents, providing rapid and reproducible results under controlled experimental conditions. Beyond angiogenesis studies, the chick CAM supports the establishment of tumor xenografts derived from cell lines or patient-derived samples. Owing to the natural immunodeficiency of the embryo until day 14 of incubation, tumor grafts can grow without immune rejection, mimicking neovascularization and tumor stroma interactions seen in human cancers. This facilitates the assessment of tumor progression, angiogenic modulation, and therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Moreover, systemic or localized drug administration on the CAM offers a convenient method for pharmacological screening. The chick embryo model also provides a reliable system for early-stage toxicity and biocompatibility evaluations. Drug-induced alterations in embryonic morphology, organ weight, or histoarchitecture can be rapidly assessed, allowing early identification of compounds with potential adverse effects. Overall, the chicken embryo serves as a robust, accessible, and ethically advantageous preclinical model that combines simplicity with translational relevance. Its applications extend across angiogenesis research, cancer therapy evaluation, and toxicological screening, offering valuable insights into drug efficacy and safety before mammalian testing. This chapter details methodologies for CAM-based assays and emphasizes the significance of the chick embryo model in advancing biomedical and translational research.

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Chicken Embryo as a Preclinical Model in Biomedical Research

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Anna Senrung,
  • Pallavi Sethi,
  • Alok Chandra Bharti

摘要

The chicken embryo represents one of the most versatile and ethically favorable vertebrate models in preclinical biomedical research. Its external development, cost-effectiveness, and physiological similarities to mammals make it an ideal intermediate system bridging in vitro studies and mammalian models. A major advantage of the chick embryo lies in its extraembryonic chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a highly vascularized structure that serves as a dynamic platform for studying angiogenesis, tumor biology, and toxicology. The CAM assay allows direct visualization and quantification of vascular responses to pro- or antiangiogenic agents, providing rapid and reproducible results under controlled experimental conditions. Beyond angiogenesis studies, the chick CAM supports the establishment of tumor xenografts derived from cell lines or patient-derived samples. Owing to the natural immunodeficiency of the embryo until day 14 of incubation, tumor grafts can grow without immune rejection, mimicking neovascularization and tumor stroma interactions seen in human cancers. This facilitates the assessment of tumor progression, angiogenic modulation, and therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Moreover, systemic or localized drug administration on the CAM offers a convenient method for pharmacological screening. The chick embryo model also provides a reliable system for early-stage toxicity and biocompatibility evaluations. Drug-induced alterations in embryonic morphology, organ weight, or histoarchitecture can be rapidly assessed, allowing early identification of compounds with potential adverse effects. Overall, the chicken embryo serves as a robust, accessible, and ethically advantageous preclinical model that combines simplicity with translational relevance. Its applications extend across angiogenesis research, cancer therapy evaluation, and toxicological screening, offering valuable insights into drug efficacy and safety before mammalian testing. This chapter details methodologies for CAM-based assays and emphasizes the significance of the chick embryo model in advancing biomedical and translational research.