Vegetables, being a good source of nutrients, are often attacked by many viral diseases, which are mainly transmitted by specific vectors such as aphids, whiteflies, and thrips. The wide distribution of the viral diseases is not merely due to the presence of virus particles in the host but is rather the net result of the tripartite interactions of viruses within the host plants, their vectors, and the environmental factors. Each vector species has specific requirements and adaptability to cope with the adverse conditions. Availability and activity of vectors and their adaptation to climatic conditions can influence the range of distribution of the vector populations in an area and the amount of virus spread in a season. Temperature and wind are the main environmental factors that affect the activity of aerial vectors. Temperature may strongly influence the activity, incidence, and reproductive rates of the vectors. Water not only promotes plant growth but may also attract vectors and help the virus to perpetuate. Irrigation and erratic rainfall provide the most conducive conditions for rapid buildup of the vector population in dry seasons, which are otherwise challenging to the vectors. Additionally, the polyphagous nature of Bemisia tabaci, wider distribution of Thrips tabaci and Frankliniella schultzei in temperate as well as tropical regions, and the transmission ability of aphids to transmit viruses in semi-persistent, persistent, and non-persistent manner open wide opportunities for plant virus spread by these vectors. An insight into the interrelationships of vector populations with the environment can help to manage the devastating viral diseases, and strategies based on vector management, regular monitoring, early detection, and climate-smart agriculture can help to mitigate the rapid buildup of vector populations and virus spread.