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Since the advent of human civilization, fruits have been recognized as an essential component of the daily diet. They play a critical role in maintaining human health and physiological development, owing to their rich content of vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds. Also, fruit crops are the cash crops that proportionally affect global nutrition and economy. The reduction in productivity is mainly due to diseases caused by a variety of pathogens and among them, viruses occupy a significant place as they limit productivity, quality, and market value. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis is essential for developing sustainable control strategies. This chapter highlights the intricate interactions between host and pathogen interactions, focusing on key processes such as viral entry, replication, gene expression, expression pattern, movement, and systemic spread. Particular emphasis is placed on multifunctional viral proteins, coat proteins (CPs), movement proteins (MPs), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) that not only support replication and transport but also act as major determinants of virulence and system expression dynamics. The manipulation of host defense mechanisms, including RNA silencing and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), and the hypersensitive response (HR), is discussed in the context of viral adaptation and counter-defense strategies. The illustration of specific genomic mutations which modulate the pathogenic kinetics, host range, and symptom development is gracefully depicted by Apple mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Plum pox virus, and Tomato mosaic virus. The integration of omics approaches has further strengthened our understanding and enabled us to decipher the obscure phenomenon of host–virus interactions and resistance mechanisms. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of viral pathogenesis in fruit crops and emphasizes the importance of molecular insights in designing durable, eco-friendly strategies for managing viral diseases.

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Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis in Fruit Crops

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Subaya Manzoor,
  • Tabasum Manzoor,
  • Bushra Rasool,
  • Zakir Amin,
  • Sajad Un Nabi,
  • Ayaz Aadil

摘要

Since the advent of human civilization, fruits have been recognized as an essential component of the daily diet. They play a critical role in maintaining human health and physiological development, owing to their rich content of vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds. Also, fruit crops are the cash crops that proportionally affect global nutrition and economy. The reduction in productivity is mainly due to diseases caused by a variety of pathogens and among them, viruses occupy a significant place as they limit productivity, quality, and market value. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis is essential for developing sustainable control strategies. This chapter highlights the intricate interactions between host and pathogen interactions, focusing on key processes such as viral entry, replication, gene expression, expression pattern, movement, and systemic spread. Particular emphasis is placed on multifunctional viral proteins, coat proteins (CPs), movement proteins (MPs), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) that not only support replication and transport but also act as major determinants of virulence and system expression dynamics. The manipulation of host defense mechanisms, including RNA silencing and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), and the hypersensitive response (HR), is discussed in the context of viral adaptation and counter-defense strategies. The illustration of specific genomic mutations which modulate the pathogenic kinetics, host range, and symptom development is gracefully depicted by Apple mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Plum pox virus, and Tomato mosaic virus. The integration of omics approaches has further strengthened our understanding and enabled us to decipher the obscure phenomenon of host–virus interactions and resistance mechanisms. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of viral pathogenesis in fruit crops and emphasizes the importance of molecular insights in designing durable, eco-friendly strategies for managing viral diseases.