Viral diseases cause severe yield losses in fruit crops worldwide, estimated at over USD 30 billion annually. Conventional breeding for resistance is limited by long timelines and the scarcity of natural resistance genes, highlighting the need for modern biotechnological solutions. This chapter reviews progress in developing virus-resistant fruit crops through transgenic and genome-editing approaches. Pathogen-derived resistance (e.g., coat protein-mediated and RNAi-based strategies) has produced successful examples such as papaya ring spot virus-resistant papaya and plum pox virus-resistant plum. Emerging tools, including artificial microRNAs and CRISPR-Cas9, offer precise, sequence-specific protection. While scientific advances demonstrate strong potential, adoption is shaped by diverse global regulatory policies and public acceptance. Balanced, evidence-based frameworks are needed to realize role of biotechnology in ensuring sustainable fruit production and food security. This chapter focuses on the scientific progress, regulatory challenges, and future prospects of transgenic and gene-edited fruit crops for virus resistance.