In recent years, learning support tools that use generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have garnered significant attention as a means of providing personalized learning experiences. When learning a new language, psychological burdens such as the “fear of making mistakes” and “anxiety in interpersonal communication” have been identified as major obstacles to effective learning. This study evaluates differences in anxiety levels between interpersonal and generative AI-based learning by measuring brain activity using electroencephalography. The results indicate that interpersonal learning tends to induce higher levels of anxiety, particularly during the initial stages, even though this anxiety diminishes with repeated sessions. In contrast, ChatGPT-based learning tends to suppress anxiety, even in the early stages. These results suggest that ChatGPT is an effective tool for reducing anxiety in second language acquisition. In particular, the experimental results demonstrate that ChatGPT can serve as a means for learners who feel anxious about interpersonal learning to continue their studies in a more relaxed state.